An Integrated Method for Simulation of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Raw Data in Moving Target Detection

SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) raw data simulation has a significant role in the evaluation of newly-proposed methods for the estimation of moving target parameters. The evaluation of methods in different cases emphasizes the importance of the need to have fast simulators. Using reverse SAR imaging methods for the raw data simulations has achieved good results in the simulation of the static targets, but for the simulation of moving targets these methods have a few shortcomings. In this paper, we propose a method to simulate a speckled scene with moving targets in the hybrid domain. First, the scene is simulated, including speckle, which is statistically in accordance with real SAR image behavior. Then, a reverse imaging algorithm (inverse chirp scaling) was applied on the scene to generate the SAR raw data. The moving target simulation was also done in the time-domain as the next step. Finally, the results from two prior steps were superposed to generate the SAR raw data with moving targets. All steps of the proposed method were evaluated separately. The speckle procedure was evaluated by comparing the speckled SAR image before the simulation and the image of the SAR simulated raw data. The results show similar variations in real and imaginary parts of these data. The correlation between the reflectivity map and the SAR images after the simulation was calculated and the obtained correlation coefficient was about 0.95 for different images. The final data were further analyzed for the displacement of moving targets’ positions. The results show similar displacement between moving target SAR raw data with a background and without a background.